1
Shin kayan polyurethane suna jure wa yanayin zafi mai yawa? Gabaɗaya, polyurethane ba ta jure wa yanayin zafi mai yawa ba, koda da tsarin PPDI na yau da kullun, matsakaicin zafinta zai iya kasancewa kusan 150° kawai. Nau'in polyester na yau da kullun ko polyester ba za su iya jure wa yanayin zafi sama da 120° ba. Duk da haka, polyurethane polymer ne mai ƙarfi sosai, kuma idan aka kwatanta da robobi gabaɗaya, yana da juriya ga zafi. Saboda haka, ƙayyade kewayon zafin jiki don juriya mai zafi ko bambance amfani daban-daban yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.
2
To ta yaya za a iya inganta kwanciyar hankali na thermal na kayan polyurethane? Amsar asali ita ce ƙara lu'ulu'u na kayan, kamar isocyanate na PPDI da aka ambata a baya. Me yasa ƙara lu'ulu'u na polymer ke inganta kwanciyar hankali na thermal? Amsar ta shahara ga kowa, wato, tsari yana ƙayyade halaye. A yau, muna so mu yi ƙoƙarin bayyana dalilin da yasa inganta daidaiton tsarin kwayoyin halitta ke kawo ci gaba a cikin kwanciyar hankali na thermal, ra'ayin asali ya fito ne daga ma'anar ko dabarar makamashin Gibbs kyauta, watau △G=H-ST. Gefen hagu na G yana wakiltar makamashin kyauta, kuma gefen dama na lissafin H shine enthalpy, S shine entropy, kuma T shine zafin jiki.
3
Makamashin Gibbs kyauta ra'ayi ne na makamashi a cikin thermodynamics, kuma girmansa sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da ƙima, watau bambanci tsakanin ƙimar farawa da ƙarewa, don haka ana amfani da alamar △ a gabanta, saboda ba za a iya samun ƙimar kai tsaye ko wakilci ba. Lokacin da △G ya ragu, watau lokacin da yake mara kyau, yana nufin cewa amsawar sinadarai na iya faruwa kwatsam ko kuma ya zama mai dacewa ga wani martani da ake tsammani. Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan don tantance ko amsawar ta wanzu ko kuma za a iya juyawa a cikin thermodynamics. Ana iya fahimtar matakin ko ƙimar raguwa a matsayin kinetics na amsawar kanta. H a zahiri enthalpy ne, wanda za'a iya fahimtarsa ​​​​a matsayin makamashin ciki na kwayar halitta. Ana iya kimanta shi kusan daga ma'anar saman haruffan Sin, kamar yadda wuta ba ta kasance ba.

4
S yana wakiltar entropy na tsarin, wanda aka fi sani da shi kuma ma'anarsa a zahiri a bayyane take. Yana da alaƙa da ko kuma an bayyana shi ta fuskar zafin jiki T, kuma ma'anarsa ta asali ita ce matakin rashin tsari ko 'yancin ƙaramin tsarin. A wannan lokacin, ƙaramin abokin da ke lura wataƙila ya lura cewa zafin jiki T da ke da alaƙa da juriyar zafi da muke tattaunawa a yau ya bayyana a ƙarshe. Bari in ɗan yi ɗan bayani game da ra'ayin entropy. Ana iya fahimtar Entropy a matsayin akasin lu'ulu'u. Mafi girman ƙimar entropy, mafi yawan tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana da matsala da rudani. Mafi girman daidaiton tsarin kwayoyin halitta, mafi kyawun lu'ulu'u na kwayoyin halitta. Yanzu, bari mu yanke ƙaramin murabba'i daga robar polyurethane kuma mu ɗauki ƙaramin murabba'i a matsayin cikakken tsari. Nauyinsa an daidaita shi, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa murabba'in ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin polyurethane 100 (a zahiri, akwai N da yawa), kamar yadda nauyinsa da girmansa ba su canzawa ba, za mu iya kimanta △G a matsayin ƙaramin ƙimar lamba ko kuma kusa da sifili mara iyaka, to za a iya canza dabarar makamashin Gibbs kyauta zuwa ST=H, inda T shine zafin jiki, kuma S shine entropy. Wato, juriyar zafi na ƙaramin murabba'in polyurethane yana daidai da enthalpy H kuma yana daidai da entropy S. Tabbas, wannan hanya ce ta kimanin, kuma ya fi kyau a ƙara △ kafin ta (wanda aka samu ta hanyar kwatantawa).
5
Ba abu ne mai wahala ba a gano cewa ingantawar kristal ba zai iya rage ƙimar entropy kawai ba, har ma da ƙara ƙimar enthalpy, wato, ƙara ƙwayar yayin rage ma'aunin (T = H/S), wanda a bayyane yake ga ƙaruwar zafin jiki T, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri da na gama gari, ko T shine zafin canjin gilashi ko zafin narkewa. Abin da ake buƙatar canzawa shi ne cewa daidaito da lu'ulu'u na tsarin ƙwayoyin monomer da daidaito da lu'ulu'u na babban ƙarfin ƙwayoyin halitta bayan haɗuwa suna da layi, wanda zai iya zama daidai ko fahimta ta hanyar layi. Enthalpy H galibi yana ba da gudummawa ta hanyar kuzarin ciki na ƙwayar, kuma kuzarin ciki na ƙwayar shine sakamakon tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban na kuzarin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban, kuma kuzarin ƙarfin ƙwayoyin halitta shine ƙarfin sinadarai, tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta yana da tsari kuma an tsara shi, wanda ke nufin cewa kuzarin ƙarfin ƙwayoyin halitta ya fi girma, kuma yana da sauƙin samar da abubuwan da ke faruwa na lu'ulu'u, kamar yadda ruwa ke taruwa cikin kankara. Bayan haka, mun ɗauka cewa ƙwayoyin polyurethane 100 ne kawai, ƙarfin hulɗar da ke tsakanin waɗannan ƙwayoyin 100 zai kuma shafi juriyar zafi na wannan ƙaramin abin nadi, kamar haɗin hydrogen na zahiri, kodayake ba su da ƙarfi kamar haɗin sinadarai, amma lambar N tana da girma, a bayyane yake cewa haɗin hydrogen na ƙwayoyin zai iya rage matakin rashin daidaituwa ko iyakance kewayon motsi na kowane ƙwayar polyurethane, don haka haɗin hydrogen yana da amfani don inganta juriyar zafi.