Elastomers na Polyurethane muhimmin aji ne na kayan polymer masu inganci. Tare da keɓantattun halayensu na zahiri da sinadarai da kuma kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau, suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a masana'antar zamani. Ana amfani da waɗannan kayan sosai a fannoni da yawa na masana'antu masu inganci, kamar su sararin samaniya, manyan motoci, injinan daidai, kayan lantarki da na'urorin likitanci, saboda kyawun sassaucinsu, juriyar lalacewa, juriyar tsatsa da sassaucin sarrafawa. Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da ci gaba da inganta buƙatun aikin abu a masana'antar masana'antu, ƙirar polyurethane mai inganci ta zama babban abin da ke haɓaka ƙimar aikace-aikacen su. A cikin masana'antar masana'antu masu inganci, buƙatun aiki don kayan aiki suna ƙara zama masu tsauri. A matsayin kayan aiki mai inganci, ƙira da aikace-aikacen polyurethane elastomers dole ne su cika takamaiman ƙa'idodin fasaha. Aiwatar da polyurethane elastomers a cikin masana'antu masu inganci kuma yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, gami da sarrafa farashi, aiwatar da fasaha da karɓar kasuwa. Duk da haka, tare da fa'idodin aiki, polyurethane elastomers sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aiki da gasa na samfuran masana'antu. Ta hanyar zurfafa bincike kan waɗannan fannoni na aikace-aikace, zai iya samar da tallafi mai ƙarfi don ƙara inganta ƙirar kayan aiki da faɗaɗa aikace-aikace.

 

Tsarin aiki mai kyau na polyurethane elastomers

 

Abubuwan da ake buƙata da buƙatun aiki

Elastomers na Polyurethane aji ne na kayan polymer masu kyakkyawan aiki. Yawancinsu sun ƙunshi sassa biyu na asali: polyether da isocyanate. Zaɓar da rabon waɗannan sassan suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin kayan ƙarshe. Polyether yawanci shine babban ɓangaren laushi na polyurethane elastomers. Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​​​ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin polyol, waɗanda zasu iya samar da kyakkyawan sassauci da sassauci. Isocyanate, a matsayin babban ɓangaren ɓangaren tauri, yana da alhakin amsawa da polyether don samar da sarƙoƙin polyurethane, yana haɓaka ƙarfi da juriyar lalacewa na kayan. Nau'ikan polyethers da isocyanates daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban na sinadarai da halayen jiki. Saboda haka, a cikin ƙirar polyurethane elastomers, yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi da kuma rarraba waɗannan sassan bisa ga buƙatun aikace-aikace don cimma alamun aiki da ake buƙata. Dangane da buƙatun aiki, polyurethane elastomers suna buƙatar samun halaye da yawa masu mahimmanci: juriyar lalacewa, laushi, hana tsufa, da sauransu. Juriyar lalacewa tana nufin aikin da ya daɗe na kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayin gogayya da lalacewa. Musamman idan aka yi amfani da shi a wurare masu yawan lalacewa, kamar tsarin dakatar da motoci da kayan aikin masana'antu, kyakkyawan juriyar lalacewa na iya tsawaita rayuwar samfurin sosai. Juriya ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan halayen polyurethane elastomers. Yana ƙayyade ko kayan zai iya komawa ga siffarsa ta asali cikin sauri yayin nakasa da murmurewa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin hatimi da abubuwan shaye-shaye. Hana tsufa yana nufin ikon kayan don kiyaye aikinsa bayan amfani na dogon lokaci ko fallasa shi ga yanayi mai tsauri (kamar hasken ultraviolet, danshi, canjin zafin jiki, da sauransu), yana tabbatar da cewa kayan yana da ingantaccen aiki a aikace.

 

Dabaru na Inganta Zane

Tsarin polyurethane mai inganci tsari ne mai sarkakiya kuma mai laushi wanda ke buƙatar cikakken la'akari da dabarun inganta ƙira da yawa. Inganta tsarin kwayoyin halitta muhimmin mataki ne na inganta aikin abu. Ta hanyar daidaita tsarin sarkar kwayoyin halitta na polyurethane, kamar ƙara matakin haɗin gwiwa, ƙarfin injina da juriyar lalacewa na abu za a iya inganta shi sosai. Ƙara matakin haɗin gwiwa yana ba da damar samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin sarkar kwayoyin halitta na abu, ta haka yana haɓaka ƙarfinsa da dorewarsa gaba ɗaya. Misali, ta amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da polyisocyanate ko gabatar da wakilai masu haɗin gwiwa, ana iya ƙara matakin haɗin gwiwa yadda ya kamata kuma ana iya inganta aikin abu. Inganta rabon sassan shima yana da mahimmanci. Rabon polyether da isocyanate kai tsaye yana shafar sassauci, tauri da juriyar lalacewa na abu. Gabaɗaya, ƙara yawan isocyanate na iya ƙara tauri da juriyar lalacewa na abu, amma yana iya rage sassaucinsa. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a daidaita rabon biyu daidai bisa ga ainihin buƙatun aikace-aikacen don cimma mafi kyawun daidaiton aiki. Baya ga inganta tsarin kwayoyin halitta da rabon sassan, amfani da ƙarin abubuwa da abubuwan ƙarfafawa suma suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin abu. Kayan Nano, kamar nano-silicon da nano-carbon, na iya inganta cikakken aikin polyurethane elastomers sosai. Kayan Nano suna inganta halayen injiniya da juriyar muhalli na kayan ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfinsu, juriyar lalacewa da juriyar tsufa.

 

 

Inganta tsarin shiri

Inganta tsarin shiri yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin inganta aikin polyurethane elastomers. Ci gaban da aka samu a fasahar haɗa polymers ya yi tasiri sosai kan shirya polyurethane elastomers. Hanyoyin haɗa polymers na zamani, kamar gyaran allurar amsawa (RIM) da fasahar haɗa polymers masu matsin lamba, na iya samun ingantaccen iko yayin aikin haɗawa, ta haka ne inganta tsarin kwayoyin halitta da aikin kayan. Fasahar haɗa allurar amsawa na iya inganta ingantaccen samarwa da kuma cimma daidaito mafi kyau da daidaito a lokacin aikin ƙera ta hanyar haɗa polyether da isocyanate cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma allurar su cikin mold. Fasahar haɗa polymers masu matsin lamba mai yawa na iya inganta yawa da ƙarfin kayan kuma inganta juriyarsa ta lalacewa da juriyar tsufa ta hanyar gudanar da halayen haɗa polymers a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa. Ingantaccen fasahar haɗa polymers da sarrafawa kuma muhimmin abu ne wajen inganta aikin haɗa polyurethanes. An maye gurbin hanyoyin ƙera polyurethanes masu zafi a hankali ta hanyar ƙera allurar da fasahar ƙera extrusion. Waɗannan sabbin hanyoyin ba wai kawai za su iya inganta ingancin samarwa ba, har ma su sami ingantaccen iko yayin aikin ƙera don tabbatar da inganci da aikin kayan. Fasahar ƙera allurar na iya cimma daidaiton ƙera siffofi masu rikitarwa da rage sharar kayan ta hanyar dumama kayan polyurethane zuwa yanayin narkewa da kuma allurar su cikin mold. Fasahar ƙera fitarwa tana dumama da tilasta kayan polyurethane daga cikin na'urar fitar da iskar, tana samar da tsiri ko bututu na kayan ci gaba ta hanyar sanyaya da ƙarfafawa. Ya dace da samarwa mai yawa da sarrafawa na musamman.

 

Amfani da polyurethane elastomers a cikin masana'antu masu inganci

 

sararin samaniya

A fannin sararin samaniya, ana amfani da polyurethane elastomers sosai a cikin muhimman abubuwa da yawa, kamar hatimi da masu shaƙar girgiza, saboda kyakkyawan aikinsu. Masana'antar sararin samaniya tana da buƙatu masu matuƙar wahala game da aikin kayan aiki, waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa, juriyar gajiya, juriyar lalata sinadarai, juriyar lalacewa, da sauransu. Ingantaccen aikin polyurethane elastomers a cikin waɗannan fannoni ya sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin kayan da ba dole ba a fagen sararin samaniya. Dauki hatimi a matsayin misali. A cikin tsarin mai na motocin sararin samaniya, hatimi yana buƙatar kiyaye ingantaccen hatimi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba mai tsanani. Tsarin mai na motocin sararin samaniya galibi yana fuskantar yanayin zafi mai yawa, matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma lalata abubuwa. Saboda haka, hatimi ba wai kawai ya kasance mai juriya ga yanayin zafi mai yawa ba, har ma da lalata sinadarai. Polyurethane elastomers, musamman polyurethane masu aiki mai yawa waɗanda aka warkar a yanayin zafi mai yawa, suna da kyakkyawan juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa kuma suna iya jure yanayin aiki sama da 300°C. A lokaci guda, kyakkyawan sassauci na polyurethane elastomers yana ba su damar cike saman da ba daidai ba yadda ya kamata kuma tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da amincin hatimi a cikin dogon lokaci. Misali, hatimin da ake amfani da su a cikin jiragen sama na NASA da tashoshin sararin samaniya suna amfani da polyurethane elastomers, waɗanda ke nuna kyakkyawan aikin rufewa da dorewa a cikin yanayi mai tsauri. Wani kuma shine masu ɗaukar girgiza. A cikin sararin samaniya, ana amfani da masu ɗaukar girgiza don rage tasirin girgizar tsari da girgiza akan mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Polyurethane elastomers suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen. Kyakkyawan sassaucin su da kyakkyawan ikon shaƙar makamashi yana ba su damar adanawa da rage girgiza da girgiza yadda ya kamata, ta haka suna kare tsarin da kayan aikin lantarki na sararin samaniya.

 

 Masana'antar kera motoci masu inganci

A cikin masana'antar kera motoci masu inganci, amfani da polyurethane elastomers ya zama muhimmin abu wajen inganta aikin abin hawa da jin daɗinsa. Saboda kyakkyawan aikin da yake yi, ana amfani da polyurethane elastomers sosai a cikin muhimman sassa na motoci, ciki har da tsarin shaye-shaye, hatimi, sassan ciki, da sauransu. Misali, amfani da polyurethane elastomers ya inganta jin daɗin tuƙi da kwanciyar hankali na abin hawa. A cikin tsarin dakatarwa, polyurethane elastomers suna shan tasiri da girgiza a kan hanya kuma suna rage girgizar jikin abin hawa ta hanyar kyawawan halayensu na lanƙwasawa da shaye-shaye. Kyakkyawan sassaucin wannan kayan yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin dakatarwar abin hawa zai iya amsawa da sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na tuƙi kuma yana samar da ƙwarewar tuƙi mai santsi da kwanciyar hankali. Musamman a cikin samfuran alatu masu inganci, masu shaye-shaye masu inganci masu amfani da polyurethane elastomers na iya inganta jin daɗin hawa sosai da kuma biyan buƙatun ƙwarewar tuƙi mai inganci. A cikin manyan motoci, aikin hatimi yana shafar rufin sauti, rufin zafi da aikin hana ruwa na abin hawa kai tsaye. Ana amfani da polyurethane elastomers sosai a cikin hatimin ƙofofi da tagogi na mota, sassan injina da kuma ƙarƙashin abin hawa saboda kyakkyawan rufewa da juriyar yanayi. Masana'antun motoci masu inganci suna amfani da polyurethane elastomers a matsayin hatimin ƙofa don inganta rufin sauti na motar da kuma rage kutsen hayaniya daga waje.