Gabatar da wakilin kumfa don kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane da ake amfani da shi a fannin gini
Tare da ƙaruwar buƙatun gine-gine na zamani don adana makamashi da kariyar muhalli, aikin rufin zafi na kayan gini yana ƙara zama mahimmanci. Daga cikinsu, kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane kyakkyawan kayan rufin zafi ne, tare da kyawawan halayen injiniya, ƙarancin wutar lantarki da sauran fa'idodi, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin rufin gini.
Maganin kumfa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake ƙarawa wajen samar da kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane. Dangane da tsarin aikinsa, ana iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: maganin kumfa mai sinadarai da kuma maganin kumfa mai zahiri.
Rarrabuwar wakilan kumfa
Maganin kumfa mai sinadarai wani ƙari ne da ke samar da iskar gas da kumfa kayan polyurethane yayin amsawar isocyanates da polyols. Ruwa shine wakilin wakilin kumfa mai sinadarai, wanda ke amsawa da bangaren isocyanate don samar da iskar carbon dioxide, don haka yana kumfa kayan polyurethane. Maganin kumfa mai zahiri wani ƙari ne da aka ƙara a cikin tsarin samar da kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane, wanda ke kumfa kayan polyurethane ta hanyar aikin gas. Maganin kumfa mai zahiri galibi mahaɗan halitta ne masu ƙarancin tafasa, kamar hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) ko alkane (HC).
Tsarin ci gaba nawakilin kumfaKamfanin DuPont ya fara amfani da trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) a matsayin maganin kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane, kuma ya sami ingantaccen aiki na samfura, tun daga lokacin ana amfani da CFC-11 sosai a fannin kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane. Yayin da CFC-11 ya tabbatar da lalata layin ozone, ƙasashen Yammacin Turai sun daina amfani da CFC-11 a ƙarshen 1994, kuma China ta kuma haramta samarwa da amfani da CFC-11 a 2007. Daga baya, Amurka da Turai sun haramta amfani da HCFC-141b wanda ya maye gurbin CFC-11 a 2003 da 2004, bi da bi. Yayin da wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli ke ƙaruwa, ƙasashe suna fara haɓakawa da amfani da madadin da ke da ƙarancin yuwuwar dumamar yanayi (GWP).
A da, sinadaran kumfa na nau'in Hfc sun kasance madadin CFC-11 da HCFC-141b, amma ƙimar GWP na mahaɗan nau'in HFC har yanzu tana da yawa, wanda ba ya da amfani ga kare muhalli. Saboda haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mayar da hankali kan ci gaban sinadaran kumfa a ɓangaren gini ya koma ga madadin GWP mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.
Ribobi da rashin amfani na wakilan kumfa
A matsayin wani nau'in kayan rufi, kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane yana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar kyakkyawan aikin rufi na thermal, ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau, kyakkyawan aikin shaye-shaye na sauti, tsawon lokacin sabis mai dorewa da sauransu.
A matsayin wani muhimmin taimako wajen shirya kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane, sinadarin kumfa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aiki, farashi da kariyar muhalli na kayan kariya na zafi. Fa'idodin sinadarin kumfa sune saurin kumfa, kumfa iri ɗaya, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin yanayi daban-daban na zafin jiki da danshi, yana iya samun babban saurin kumfa, don shirya kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane mai aiki mai kyau.
Duk da haka, sinadaran kumfa na iya samar da iskar gas masu cutarwa, kamar carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide da nitrogen oxides, wanda ke haifar da gurɓata muhalli. Amfanin sinadarin kumfa na zahiri shine baya samar da iskar gas mai cutarwa, ba shi da wani tasiri ga muhalli, kuma yana iya samun ƙaramin girman kumfa da ingantaccen aikin kariya. Duk da haka, sinadaran kumfa na zahiri suna da saurin kumfa kuma suna buƙatar zafi da danshi mai yawa don yin aiki mafi kyau.
A matsayin wani nau'in kayan rufi, kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane yana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar kyakkyawan aikin rufi na thermal, ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau, kyakkyawan aikin shaye-shaye na sauti, tsawon lokacin sabis mai dorewa da sauransu.
A matsayin muhimmin mataimaki wajen shiryakumfa mai tauri na polyurethane, wakilin kumfa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aiki, farashi da kariyar muhalli na kayan kariya na zafi. Fa'idodin wakilin kumfa na sinadarai sune saurin kumfa, kumfa iri ɗaya, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin yanayi daban-daban na zafin jiki da danshi, yana iya samun babban saurin kumfa, don shirya kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane mai aiki mai ƙarfi.
Duk da haka, sinadaran kumfa na iya samar da iskar gas masu cutarwa, kamar carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide da nitrogen oxides, wanda ke haifar da gurɓata muhalli. Amfanin sinadarin kumfa na zahiri shine baya samar da iskar gas mai cutarwa, ba shi da wani tasiri ga muhalli, kuma yana iya samun ƙaramin girman kumfa da ingantaccen aikin kariya. Duk da haka, sinadaran kumfa na zahiri suna da saurin kumfa kuma suna buƙatar zafi da danshi mai yawa don yin aiki mafi kyau.
Yanayin ci gaba na gaba
Yanayin sinadaran kumfa a masana'antar gini na gaba galibi yana kan samar da ƙananan madadin GWP. Misali, an yi amfani da CO2, HFO, da madadin ruwa, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin GWP, sifili ODP, da sauran ayyukan muhalli, sosai wajen samar da kumfa mai tauri na polyurethane. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da fasahar kayan rufin gini ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, sinadarin kumfa zai ƙara haɓaka aiki mai kyau, kamar ingantaccen aikin rufi, ƙarin saurin kumfa, da ƙaramin girman kumfa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanonin sinadarai na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje suna ta bincike da haɓaka sabbin sinadarai masu ƙumshi na zahiri waɗanda ke ɗauke da fluorine, gami da sinadarai masu ƙumshi na olefins (HFO), waɗanda ake kira wakilai masu kumshi na ƙarni na huɗu kuma wakili ne mai kumshi na zahiri tare da kyakkyawan yanayin iskar gas da fa'idodin muhalli.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-21-2024