Shiri da halaye na kumfa mai tsauri na polyurethane don manyan hanyoyin hannu na mota.
Madaurin hannu a cikin motar muhimmin bangare ne na taksi, wanda ke taka rawa wajen tura kofa da kuma sanya hannun mutum a cikin motar. Idan akwai gaggawa, lokacin da motar da layin hannu suka yi karo, layin hannu mai laushi na polyurethane da PP da aka gyara (polypropylene), ABS (polyacrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene) da sauran layin hannu mai tauri na filastik, na iya samar da kyakkyawan sassauci da kariya, ta haka ne rage rauni. Layin hannu mai laushi na polyurethane na iya samar da kyakkyawan jin hannu da kyawun yanayin saman, ta haka ne inganta jin daɗi da kyawun wurin tuki. Saboda haka, tare da ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci da kuma inganta buƙatun mutane na kayan ciki, fa'idodin kumfa mai laushi na polyurethane a cikin layin hannu na motoci suna ƙara bayyana.
Akwai nau'ikan igiyoyin hannu masu laushi na polyurethane guda uku: kumfa mai ƙarfi, kumfa mai ƙarfi da kuma kumfa mai ƙarfi. An rufe saman igiyoyin hannu masu ƙarfi da fata na PVC (polyvinyl chloride), kuma cikin ciki akwai kumfa mai ƙarfi da polyurethane. Tallafin kumfa yana da rauni kaɗan, ƙarfinsa yana da ƙasa kaɗan, kuma manne tsakanin kumfa da fata bai isa ba. Gilashin hannu mai laushi yana da layin fata mai kumfa, mai rahusa, matakin haɗin kai mai yawa, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin motocin kasuwanci, amma yana da wuya a yi la'akari da ƙarfin saman da jin daɗin gabaɗaya. An rufe madaurin hannu mai ƙarfi da fata na PVC, fata tana ba da taɓawa mai kyau da kamanni, kuma kumfa mai ƙarfi na ciki yana da kyakkyawan ji, juriya ga tasiri, sha makamashi da juriya ga tsufa, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin amfani da cikin motar fasinja.
A cikin wannan takarda, an tsara dabarar asali ta kumfa mai tsauri na polyurethane don gyaran hannu na mota, kuma an yi nazarin ingantawarsa bisa wannan tushe.
Sashen gwaji
Babban kayan aiki
Polyether polyol A (ƙimar hydroxyl 30 ~ 40 mg/g), polymer polyol B (ƙimar hydroxyl 25 ~ 30 mg/g): Wanhua Chemical Group Co., LTD. MDI da aka gyara [diphenylmethane diisocyanate, w (NCO) shine 25% ~ 30%], mai haɗakar sinadarai, mai watsa ruwa (Agent 3), antioxidant A: Wanhua Chemical (Beijing) Co., LTD., Maitou, da sauransu; Mai watsa ruwa (Agent 1), mai watsa ruwa (Agent 2): Byke Chemical. Kayan da aka ambata a sama suna da inganci a masana'antu. Fata mai rufe PVC: Changshu Ruihua.
Babban kayan aiki da kayan aiki
Na'urar haɗa na'urar Sdf-400 mai sauri, ma'aunin lantarki na nau'in AR3202CN, mold na aluminum (10cm×10cm×1cm, 10cm×10cm×5cm), tanda mai hura wutar lantarki ta nau'in 101-4AB, injin lantarki na duniya na KJ-1065, na'urar zafi mai zafi ta nau'in 501A.
Shirya dabarar asali da samfurin
Tsarin asali na kumfa mai tsauri na polyurethane an nuna shi a cikin Tebur 1.
Shirya samfurin gwajin halayen injiniya: an shirya polyether mai haɗaka (A kayan) bisa ga tsarin ƙira, an haɗa shi da MDI da aka gyara a wani rabo, an juya shi da na'urar juyawa mai sauri (3000r/min) na tsawon 3 ~ 5s, sannan a zuba a cikin mold ɗin da ya dace don kumfa, sannan a buɗe mold ɗin a cikin wani lokaci don samun samfurin kumfa polyurethane mai tsatsauran ra'ayi.
Shirya samfurin don gwajin aikin haɗawa: an sanya wani Layer na fata na PVC a cikin ƙananan murfin mold ɗin, sannan a haɗa polyether da MDI da aka gyara daidai gwargwado, a motsa su da na'urar juyawa mai sauri (3 000 r/min) na tsawon daƙiƙa 3-5, sannan a zuba a saman fata, sannan a rufe mold ɗin, sannan a ƙera kumfa polyurethane tare da fata a cikin wani lokaci.
Gwajin Aiki
Kayayyakin Inji: 40%CLD (ƙarfin matsewa) bisa ga gwajin ISO-3386 na yau da kullun; Ana gwada ƙarfin tauri da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewa bisa ga ƙa'idar ISO-1798; Ana gwada ƙarfin tsagewa bisa ga ƙa'idar ISO-8067. Aikin ɗaurewa: Ana amfani da injin lantarki na duniya don bare fata da kumfa 180° bisa ga ƙa'idar OEM.
Aikin tsufa: Gwada asarar kayan aikin injiniya da halayen haɗin gwiwa bayan awanni 24 na tsufa a 120℃ bisa ga yanayin zafin jiki na OEM.
Sakamako da tattaunawa
Kadarar injina
Ta hanyar canza rabon polyether polyol A da polymer polyol B a cikin dabarar asali, an binciki tasirin maganin polyether daban-daban akan halayen injiniya na kumfa polyurethane mai tsauri, kamar yadda aka nuna a Jadawali na 2.
Za a iya gani daga sakamakon da aka samu a Jadawali na 2 cewa rabon polyether polyol A zuwa polymer polyol B yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan halayen injiniya na kumfa polyurethane. Lokacin da rabon polyether polyol A zuwa polymer polyol B ya ƙaru, tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewa yana ƙaruwa, taurin matsi yana raguwa zuwa wani mataki, kuma ƙarfin tensile da ƙarfin tsagewa ba sa canzawa sosai. Sarkar kwayoyin halitta na polyurethane galibi ya ƙunshi sassa masu laushi da sassa masu tauri, sassa masu laushi daga polyol da sassa masu tauri daga haɗin carbamate. A gefe guda, nauyin kwayoyin halitta da ƙimar hydroxyl na polyols guda biyu sun bambanta, a gefe guda kuma, polymer polyol B polyol ne da aka gyara ta acrylonitrile da styrene, kuma taurin sashin sarkar ya inganta saboda wanzuwar zoben benzene, yayin da polymer polyol B ya ƙunshi ƙananan abubuwa masu ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda ke ƙara karyewar kumfa. Lokacin da polyether polyol A ya kasance sassa 80 kuma polymer polyol B ya zama sassa 10, cikakkun kaddarorin injiniya na kumfa sun fi kyau.
Kadarar haɗin gwiwa
A matsayin samfuri mai yawan latsawa, rijiyar hannu za ta rage jin daɗin sassa idan kumfa da fata suka bare, don haka ana buƙatar aikin haɗin kumfa polyurethane da fata. Dangane da binciken da ke sama, an ƙara nau'ikan na'urorin watsa ruwa daban-daban don gwada halayen mannewa na kumfa da fata. Sakamakon an nuna shi a cikin Jadawali na 3.
Za a iya gani daga Jadawali na 3 cewa nau'ikan masu watsa ruwa daban-daban suna da tasiri a bayyane akan ƙarfin barewa tsakanin kumfa da fata: Rushewar kumfa yana faruwa bayan amfani da ƙari na 2, wanda ƙila yana iya faruwa ne sakamakon buɗe kumfa mai yawa bayan ƙara ƙari na 2; Bayan amfani da ƙari na 1 da 3, ƙarfin cire samfurin da babu komai yana da wani ƙaruwa, kuma ƙarfin cire ƙari na 1 ya fi na samfurin da babu komai kusan 17%, kuma ƙarfin cire ƙari na 3 ya fi na samfurin da babu komai kusan 25%. Bambanci tsakanin ƙari na 1 da ƙari na 3 galibi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar bambancin da ke cikin danshi na kayan haɗin da ke saman. Gabaɗaya, don kimanta danshi na ruwa akan daskararru, kusurwar hulɗa muhimmin ma'auni ne don auna danshi na saman. Saboda haka, an gwada kusurwar hulɗa tsakanin kayan haɗin da fata bayan ƙara masu watsa ruwa guda biyu da ke sama, kuma an nuna sakamakon a Hoto na 1.
Za a iya gani daga Hoto na 1 cewa kusurwar hulɗar samfurin da babu komai ita ce mafi girma, wacce take 27°, kuma kusurwar hulɗar wakili mai taimako 3 ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta, wacce take 12° kawai. Wannan yana nuna cewa amfani da ƙari 3 na iya inganta danshi na kayan haɗin da fata zuwa wani mataki mafi girma, kuma yana da sauƙin yaduwa a saman fata, don haka amfani da ƙari 3 yana da mafi girman ƙarfin barewa.
Kaya na tsufa
Ana matse kayayyakin layin dogo a cikin mota, yawan hasken rana yana da yawa, kuma aikin tsufa wani muhimmin aiki ne da kumfa mai ɗaurewa na polyurethane ya kamata ya yi la'akari da shi. Saboda haka, an gwada aikin tsufa na asali kuma an gudanar da binciken ingantawa, kuma an nuna sakamakon a cikin Jadawali na 4.
Ta hanyar kwatanta bayanai a cikin Jadawali na 4, za a iya gano cewa halayen injiniya da halayen haɗin kai na dabarar asali suna raguwa sosai bayan tsufar zafi a 120℃: bayan tsufa na tsawon awanni 12, asarar halaye daban-daban banda yawa (wanda ke ƙasa) shine 13% ~ 16%; Asarar aiki na tsufa na awanni 24 shine 23% ~ 26%. An nuna cewa ikon tsufa na dabarar asali ba shi da kyau, kuma ikon tsufa na dabarar asali za a iya inganta shi ta hanyar ƙara Ajin antioxidant A zuwa dabarar. A ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji iri ɗaya bayan ƙara antioxidant A, asarar halaye daban-daban bayan awanni 12 shine 7% ~ 8%, kuma asarar halaye daban-daban bayan awanni 24 shine 13% ~ 16%. Raguwar halayen injiniya galibi ya faru ne saboda jerin halayen sarka da ke haifar da karyewar haɗin sinadarai da radicals masu aiki yayin tsufar zafi, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje na asali a cikin tsari ko halayen abu na asali. A gefe guda, raguwar aikin haɗin gwiwa ya faru ne saboda raguwar halayen injina na kumfa kanta, a gefe guda kuma, saboda fatar PVC tana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na masu yin filastik, kuma mai yin filastik yana ƙaura zuwa saman yayin da ake aiwatar da tsufan iskar oxygen na thermal. Ƙara antioxidants na iya inganta halayen tsufan thermal, galibi saboda antioxidants na iya kawar da sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyauta, jinkirta ko hana tsarin oxidation na polymer, don kiyaye ainihin halayen polymer.
Cikakken aiki
Bisa ga sakamakon da ke sama, an tsara mafi kyawun dabarar kuma an kimanta halaye daban-daban nata. An kwatanta aikin dabarar da na kumfa mai girman polyurethane mai tsayi. Sakamakon an nuna shi a cikin Jadawali na 5.
Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga Jadawali na 5, aikin mafi kyawun tsarin kumfa mai tsauri na polyurethane yana da wasu fa'idodi fiye da dabarun asali da na gabaɗaya, kuma ya fi dacewa, kuma ya fi dacewa da amfani da sandunan hannu masu aiki mai kyau.
Kammalawa
Daidaita adadin polyether da zaɓar mai watsa ruwa mai inganci da kuma maganin hana kumburi zai iya ba wa kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane kyawawan halaye na injiniya, kyawawan halaye na tsufa da sauransu. Dangane da kyakkyawan aikin kumfa, wannan samfurin kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane mai ƙarfi za a iya amfani da shi ga kayan kariya na motoci kamar su sandunan hannu da teburin kayan aiki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-25-2024