An shirya wani sabon nau'in manne na polyurethane ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin polyacids da ƙananan ƙwayoyin polyols a matsayin kayan asali don shirya prepolymers. A lokacin aikin faɗaɗa sarkar, an shigar da polymers masu rarrafe da kuma trimers na HDI a cikin tsarin polyurethane. Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa manne da aka shirya a cikin wannan binciken yana da ɗanko mai dacewa, tsawon rayuwar faifan manne, ana iya warkewa da sauri a zafin ɗaki, kuma yana da kyawawan halayen haɗin kai, ƙarfin rufe zafi da kwanciyar hankali na zafi.

Marufi mai sassauƙa mai haɗaka yana da fa'idodin kyan gani, fa'idodin amfani da shi, jigilar kaya mai sauƙi, da ƙarancin kuɗin marufi. Tun bayan ƙaddamar da shi, ana amfani da shi sosai a abinci, magunguna, sinadarai na yau da kullun, kayan lantarki da sauran masana'antu, kuma masu amfani suna son sa sosai. Ayyukan marufi mai sassauƙa mai haɗaka ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da kayan fim ba, har ma ya dogara da aikin marufi mai haɗaka. Marufi mai haɗaka mai haɗaka yana da fa'idodi da yawa kamar ƙarfin haɗin kai mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin daidaitawa mai ƙarfi, da tsafta da aminci. A halin yanzu shine babban marufi mai tallafawa don marufi mai sassauƙa mai haɗaka kuma babban abin da bincike na manyan masana'antun marufi ke mayar da hankali a kai.

Tsufa mai zafi sosai tsari ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci wajen shirya marufi mai sassauƙa. Tare da manufofin ƙasa na "kololuwar carbon" da "tsaka tsakin carbon", kare muhalli mai kore, rage fitar da hayaki mai ƙarancin carbon, da ingantaccen aiki da tanadin makamashi sun zama manufofin ci gaba na kowane fanni na rayuwa. Zafin jiki na tsufa da lokacin tsufa suna da tasiri mai kyau akan ƙarfin bawon fim ɗin da aka haɗa. A ka'ida, mafi girman zafin jiki na tsufa da tsawon lokacin tsufa, mafi girman ƙimar kammala amsawa da kuma mafi kyawun tasirin warkarwa. A cikin ainihin tsarin aikace-aikacen samarwa, idan za a iya rage zafin jiki na tsufa kuma za a iya rage lokacin tsufa, ya fi kyau kada a buƙaci tsufa, kuma ana iya aiwatar da yankewa da jakunkuna bayan an kashe na'urar. Wannan ba wai kawai zai iya cimma burin kare muhalli mai kore da rage fitar da hayaki mai ƙarancin carbon ba, har ma yana adana farashin samarwa da inganta ingancin samarwa.

An yi wannan binciken ne don ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in manne na polyurethane wanda ke da ɗanko mai dacewa da tsawon lokacin mannewa yayin samarwa da amfani, zai iya warkewa da sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, zai fi dacewa ba tare da zafin jiki mai yawa ba, kuma ba zai shafi aikin wasu alamomi na marufi masu sassauƙa ba.

1.1 Kayan gwaji Adipic acid, sebacic acid, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, TDI, HDI trimer, polymer mai haɗakarwa da aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje, ethyl acetate, fim ɗin polyethylene (PE), fim ɗin polyester (PET), foil ɗin aluminum (AL).
1.2 Kayan gwaji na tebur na tanda mai busar da iska mai zafi akai-akai: DHG-9203A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; Na'urar aunawa mai juyawa: NDJ-79, Shanghai Renhe Keyi Co., Ltd.; Injin gwajin tensile na duniya: XLW, Labthink; Na'urar nazarin thermogravimetric: TG209, NETZSCH, Jamus; Mai gwajin hatimin zafi: SKZ1017A, Jinan Qingqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
1.3 Hanyar haɗawa
1) Shiri na prepolymer: Busar da kwalbar mai wuya huɗu sosai sannan a zuba N2 a ciki, sannan a ƙara ƙaramin ƙwayar polyol da polyacid da aka auna a cikin kwalbar mai wuya huɗu sannan a fara juyawa. Lokacin da zafin ya kai zafin da aka saita kuma fitowar ruwan ya kusa da fitowar ruwan ka'ida, a ɗauki wani adadin samfurin don gwajin ƙimar acid. Lokacin da ƙimar acid ɗin ta kai ≤20 mg/g, a fara mataki na gaba na amsawa; a ƙara mai auna 100 × 10-6, a haɗa bututun wutsiyar vacuum kuma a fara famfon vacuum, a sarrafa ƙimar fitowar barasa ta hanyar digirin vacuum, lokacin da ainihin fitowar barasa ta kusa da fitowar barasa ta ka'ida, a ɗauki wani samfurin don gwajin ƙimar hydroxyl, sannan a dakatar da amsawar lokacin da ƙimar hydroxyl ta cika buƙatun ƙira. An shirya polyurethane prepolymer don amfani a jiran aiki.
2) Shirya manne mai tushen solvent: Sai a zuba polyurethane prepolymer da ethyl ester a cikin kwalba mai wuya huɗu, a dafa a gauraya su warwatse daidai gwargwado, sannan a zuba TDI da aka auna a cikin kwalba mai wuya huɗu, a ajiye a ɗumi na tsawon awanni 1.0, sannan a zuba polymer mai haɗin gwiwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje sannan a ci gaba da amsawa na tsawon awanni 2.0, a hankali a zuba trimer HDI a cikin kwalba mai wuya huɗu, a ajiye a ɗumi na tsawon awanni 2.0, a ɗauki samfura don gwada abun ciki na NCO, a huce sannan a saki kayan don marufi bayan an cancanta abun ciki na NCO.
3) Busasshen lamination: A haɗa ethyl acetate, babban wakili da kuma maganin warkarwa a wani rabo sannan a juya daidai gwargwado, sannan a shafa a shirya samfura a kan injin laminating busasshe.

1.4 Halayen Gwaji
1) Danko: Yi amfani da na'urar aunawa mai juyawa kuma duba GB/T 2794-1995 Hanyar gwaji don danko na manne;
2) Ƙarfin T-barewa: an gwada shi ta amfani da na'urar gwajin ƙarfi ta duniya, yana nufin hanyar gwajin ƙarfin barewa ta GB/T 8808-1998;
3) Ƙarfin hatimin zafi: da farko yi amfani da na'urar gwada hatimin zafi don yin hatimin zafi, sannan yi amfani da na'urar gwajin juriya ta duniya don gwadawa, duba hanyar gwajin ƙarfin hatimin zafi ta GB/T 22638.7-2016;
4) Binciken Thermogravimetric (TGA): An gudanar da gwajin ta amfani da na'urar nazarin thermogravimetric tare da saurin dumama na 10 ℃ / min da kuma kewayon zafin gwajin na 50 zuwa 600 ℃.

2.1 Canje-canje a cikin danko yayin da ake haɗa lokacin amsawar gauraya Danko na manne da rayuwar faifan roba sune muhimman alamomi a cikin tsarin samar da samfurin. Idan danko na manne ya yi yawa, adadin manne da aka yi zai yi yawa, wanda zai shafi bayyanar da farashin rufe fim ɗin; idan danko ya yi ƙasa, adadin manne da aka yi zai yi ƙasa, kuma ba za a iya shigar da tawada yadda ya kamata ba, wanda hakan zai kuma shafi bayyanar da aikin haɗin fim ɗin. Idan rayuwar faifan roba ya yi gajeru, danko na manne da aka adana a cikin tankin manne zai ƙaru da sauri, kuma ba za a iya shafa mannen ba cikin sauƙi, kuma abin naɗin roba ba shi da sauƙin tsaftacewa; idan rayuwar faifan roba ya yi tsayi da yawa, zai shafi bayyanar manne na farko da aikin haɗin kayan haɗin, har ma yana shafar saurin warkarwa, ta haka yana shafar ingancin samarwa na samfurin.

Kula da danko mai dacewa da tsawon rayuwar faifan manne muhimmin ma'auni ne don amfani da manne mai kyau. Dangane da gogewar samarwa, babban wakili, ethyl acetate da wakili mai warkarwa ana daidaita su zuwa ƙimar R da ta dace da danko, kuma ana birgima manne a cikin tankin manne tare da naɗin roba ba tare da shafa manne a fim ɗin ba. Ana ɗaukar samfuran manne a lokuta daban-daban don gwajin danko. Danko mai dacewa, tsawon rayuwar faifan manne mai dacewa, da kuma saurin warkarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi sune manyan maƙasudai da manne-manne masu tushen polyurethane ke bi yayin samarwa da amfani.

2.2 Tasirin zafin jiki na tsufa akan ƙarfin bawon. Tsarin tsufa shine mafi mahimmanci, mai ɗaukar lokaci, mai ɗaukar kuzari da kuma ɗaukar sarari don marufi mai sassauƙa. Ba wai kawai yana shafar yawan samarwa na samfurin ba, har ma mafi mahimmanci, yana shafar bayyanar da aikin haɗin marufi mai sassauƙa. Idan aka fuskanci manufofin gwamnati na "kololuwar carbon" da "tsaka tsaki na carbon" da gasa mai zafi a kasuwa, tsufa mai ƙarancin zafi da kuma warkarwa cikin sauri hanyoyi ne masu tasiri don cimma ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, samar da kore da ingantaccen samarwa.

An dasa fim ɗin PET/AL/PE a zafin ɗaki da kuma digiri 40, 50, da 60 ℃. A zafin ɗaki, ƙarfin bawon na Layer ɗin ciki na AL/PE ya kasance daidai bayan tsufa na tsawon awanni 12, kuma an kammala warkarwa; a zafin ɗaki, ƙarfin bawon na Layer ɗin waje na PET/AL ya kasance daidai bayan tsufa na tsawon awanni 12, wanda ke nuna cewa kayan fim ɗin mai ƙarfi zai shafi warkar da manne na polyurethane; idan aka kwatanta yanayin zafin da ke warkarwa na 40, 50, da 60 ℃, babu wani bambanci a bayyane a cikin ƙimar warkarwa.

Idan aka kwatanta da manyan manne-manne polyurethane da aka yi da sinadarin solvents a kasuwar yanzu, lokacin tsufa mai zafi yawanci yana ɗaukar awanni 48 ko ma fiye da haka. Manne-manne polyurethane a cikin wannan binciken zai iya kammala warkar da tsarin shinge mai ƙarfi cikin awanni 12 a zafin ɗaki. Manne-manne da aka haɓaka yana da aikin warkarwa cikin sauri. Gabatar da polymers masu ƙarfi da isocyanates masu aiki da yawa a cikin manne, ba tare da la'akari da tsarin haɗakar Layer na waje ko tsarin haɗakar Layer na ciki ba, ƙarfin barewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin ɗaki ba ya bambanta da ƙarfin barewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsufa mai zafi ba, yana nuna cewa manne da aka haɓaka ba wai kawai yana da aikin warkarwa cikin sauri ba, har ma yana da aikin warkarwa cikin sauri ba tare da zafin jiki mai yawa ba.

2.3 Tasirin zafin jiki na tsufa akan ƙarfin hatimin zafi Halayen hatimin zafi na kayan aiki da tasirin hatimin zafi na ainihi suna shafar abubuwa da yawa, kamar kayan aikin hatimin zafi, sigogin aikin jiki da na sinadarai na kayan da kansa, lokacin hatimin zafi, matsin lamba na hatimin zafi da zafin hatimin zafi, da sauransu. Dangane da ainihin buƙatu da gogewa, an gyara tsari da sigogi masu dacewa na hatimin zafi, kuma ana gudanar da gwajin ƙarfin hatimin zafi na fim ɗin da aka haɗa bayan haɗawa.

Lokacin da fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa ya kusa fita daga injin, ƙarfin hatimin zafi yana da ƙasa kaɗan, kawai 17 N/(15 mm). A wannan lokacin, manne ya fara ƙarfi kuma ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin haɗawa ba. Ƙarfin da aka gwada a wannan lokacin shine ƙarfin hatimin zafi na fim ɗin PE; yayin da lokacin tsufa ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin hatimin zafi yana ƙaruwa sosai. Ƙarfin hatimin zafi bayan tsufa na tsawon awanni 12 daidai yake da na bayan awanni 24 da 48, yana nuna cewa an kammala matsewa cikin awanni 12, yana samar da isasshen haɗin kai ga fina-finai daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ƙarfin hatimin zafi. Daga canjin lanƙwasa na ƙarfin hatimin zafi a yanayin zafi daban-daban, ana iya gani cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsufa iri ɗaya, babu bambanci sosai a cikin ƙarfin hatimin zafi tsakanin tsufa na zafin ɗaki da yanayin 40, 50, da 60 ℃. Tsufa a zafin ɗaki na iya cimma tasirin tsufa mai zafi gaba ɗaya. Tsarin marufi mai sassauƙa wanda aka haɗa tare da wannan manne mai haɓaka yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin hatimin zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsufa mai zafi.

2.4 Daidaiton zafin fim ɗin da aka warke A lokacin amfani da marufi mai sassauƙa, ana buƙatar rufe zafi da yin jaka. Baya ga daidaiton zafin fim ɗin da kansa, daidaiton zafin fim ɗin polyurethane da aka warke yana ƙayyade aiki da bayyanar samfurin marufi mai sassauƙa da aka gama. Wannan binciken yana amfani da hanyar nazarin gravimetric na thermal (TGA) don nazarin daidaiton zafin fim ɗin polyurethane da aka warke.

Fim ɗin polyurethane da aka warke yana da kololuwa biyu masu bayyana a matsayin raguwar nauyi a zafin gwaji, wanda ya yi daidai da ruɓewar zafi na ɓangaren mai tauri da ɓangaren mai laushi. Zafin ruɓewar zafi na ɓangaren mai laushi yana da girma sosai, kuma asarar nauyi na zafi yana fara faruwa a 264°C. A wannan zafin, zai iya biyan buƙatun zafin jiki na tsarin rufe zafi na marufi mai laushi na yanzu, kuma zai iya biyan buƙatun zafin jiki na samar da marufi ta atomatik ko cikawa, jigilar kwantena mai nisa, da tsarin amfani; zafin ruɓewar zafi na ɓangaren mai tauri ya fi girma, yana kaiwa 347°C. Manne mai ƙarfi wanda ba ya warkarwa yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi. Haɗin kwalta na AC-13 tare da slag na ƙarfe ya ƙaru da kashi 2.1%.

3) Lokacin da abun da ke cikin ƙarfen ya kai kashi 100%, wato, lokacin da girman barbashi ɗaya na 4.75 zuwa 9.5 mm ya maye gurbin dutse mai daraja gaba ɗaya, ƙimar kwanciyar hankali na cakuda kwalta ya kai kashi 85.6%, wanda ya fi kashi 0.5% girma fiye da na cakuda kwalta AC-13 ba tare da kwalta na ƙarfe ba; rabon ƙarfin rabawa shine kashi 80.8%, wanda ya fi kashi 0.5% girma fiye da na cakuda kwalta AC-13 ba tare da kwalta na ƙarfe ba. Ƙara adadin ƙarfen da ya dace zai iya inganta kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin rabuwa na cakuda kwalta na ƙarfen AC-13 yadda ya kamata, kuma yana iya inganta kwanciyar hankali na ruwan cakuda kwalta.

1) A ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani na yau da kullun, farkon ɗanɗanon manne polyurethane da aka yi da ƙarfi wanda aka shirya ta hanyar gabatar da polymers masu ƙarfi da polyisocyanates masu aiki da yawa yana kusa da 1500mPa·s, wanda ke da kyakkyawan ɗanɗano; rayuwar faifan manne yana kaiwa minti 60, wanda zai iya cika buƙatun lokacin aiki na kamfanonin marufi masu sassauƙa a cikin tsarin samarwa.

2) Ana iya gani daga ƙarfin bawon da ƙarfin hatimin zafi cewa manne da aka shirya zai iya warkewa da sauri a zafin ɗaki. Babu babban bambanci a cikin saurin warkewa a zafin ɗaki da kuma a 40, 50, da 60 ℃, kuma babu babban bambanci a cikin ƙarfin haɗin. Ana iya warkar da wannan manne gaba ɗaya ba tare da babban zafin jiki ba kuma zai iya warkewa da sauri.

3) Binciken TGA ya nuna cewa manne yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi kuma yana iya biyan buƙatun zafin jiki yayin samarwa, jigilar kaya da amfani.